Ared SA/PVP/TiO2 nanocomposite beads recommend their use as effective, eco-friendly materials for the therapy of wastewaters contaminated with cationic dyes. Keywords and phrases: hydrogel nanocomposite beads; sodium alginate; Germacrene D site polyvinylpyrrolidone; cationic dye; photodegradationCitation: Elessawy, N.A.; Gouda, M.H.; Elnouby, M.S.; Zahran, H.F.; Hashim, A.; Abd El-Latif, M.M.; Santos, D.M.F. Novel Sodium Alginate/Polyvinylpyrrolidone/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Effective Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 9186. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199186 Academic Editor: Adina Magdalena Musuc Received: six September 2021 Accepted: 30 September 2021 Published: 2 OctoberPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction The release of dye-contaminated wastewaters from different industries [1] into the environment results in dramatic effects around the living life of our planet, as dyes and their sub-products are normally toxic or mutagenic agents [2]. Distinctive procedures are employed to treat waters polluted with dyes, for example adsorption [3,4], photocatalysis [5], biological procedures [6,7], coagulation, and flocculation [8]. Recently, photocatalysis degradation has been utilised extensively to take away quite a few organic [9] and inorganic [10] wastewater contaminants by transforming them into nonhazardous components. Among the semiconductor materials most frequently utilized as a photocatalyst to eliminate various contaminants from wastewaters is titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), which was studied as a photocatalyst for the initial time in 1972 by Fujishima and Honda [11]. TiO2 is often a non-toxic and bio-friendly material, chemically stable, photostable, commerciallyCopyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is definitely an open access article distributed under the terms and situations of your Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 9186. https://doi.org/10.3390/apphttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsciAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,two ofavailable with a low price price tag, has high transparency to visible light, and may be activated with sunlight or UV radiation [12,13]. The problem relating to the application on an industrial scale of TiO2 nanostructures will be the low adsorption of organic pollutants, 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid manufacturer uniform distribution of nanoparticles, along with the sluggish separation and recovery of nanosized particles through the approach of wastewater treatment. Supporting TiO2 nanostructures on a polymeric matrix can overcome this difficulty. TiO2 incorporated into a calcium (Ca)-alginate film matrix was applied as a photocatalyst to eliminate methyl orange with 82.two effectiveness after 120 min of UV irradiation [14]. ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles embedded into Ca-alginate beads were also utilized as a photocatalyst to eliminate copper ions [10]. By utilizing cross-linked sodium alginate (SA) with TiO2 , forming a SA iO2 hydrogel, an adsorption efficiency for methyl violet dye of 99.6 was reported, whereas SA-based film only achieved 85 . This effect was attributed towards the electrostatic attraction involving the methyl violet dye and TiO2 , which behaves as an anionic center inside the hybrid hydrogel [15]. On the other hand, right after two cycles of reuse, the SA iO2 hybrid film was nevertheless effective in degrading Congo red below UV light, with no appreciable loss of catalytic activity [16]. Normally, adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of dyes is favored u.
