D this likely mirrors domain-general processing distinctions. For example, there is now a compelling body of evidence that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) underpins processes of error detection and conflict monitoring across multiple cognitive contexts. This knowledge has been fruitfully applied to the moral domain in work showing that high-conflict moral dilemmaswhen compared with low-conflict moral dilemmasrecruit the ACC (Greene et al., 2004). Similarly, the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) seems to subserve the general capacity to think about another’s perspective in socially contextualized situations and is reliably activated when participants deliberate over moral dilemmas where the ability to appreciate the interpersonal impact of a decision is paramount (Young et al., 2007, 2011; Young and Saxe, 2009). This approach has also proved productive in elucidating the role of the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in coding socio-emotional knowledge, such as stereotypes (Gozzi et al., 2009) and moral emotionssuch as pride (Tangney et al., 2007), embarrassment (Zahn et al., 2009) and guilt (Moll et al., 2011). Likewise, the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) appears to underpin cognitive control, reasoned thinking (Mansouri et al., 2009), abstract moral principles (Moll et al., 2002) and sensitivity to unfairness (Sanfey et al., 2003). Finally, a similar rationale has informed research controlling for cognitive load (Greene et al., 2008), semantic content (Takahashi et al., 2004), emotional arousal and regulation (Moll and de Oliveira-Souza, 2007; Decety et al., 2011), probability (Shenhav and Greene, 2010), intent (Berthoz et al., 2002; Young and Saxe, 2011) and harm (Kedia et al., 2008), in each case revealing distinct patterns of neural activation within the broader moral network. Although this broad approach of deconstructing the moral network has clearly been very productive, it rests on an important assumption: that we can experimentally isolate different components of the moral?The Author (2013). Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which RG7800 web Quinagolide (hydrochloride) supplier permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.SCAN (2014)O. FeldmanHall et al.MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects Overall, 89 subjects participated in the research reported here. Fifty-one subjects assisted us in rating the scenarios (mean age 29.6 years and s.d. ?.2; 30 females). Thirty-eight subjects (all right handed, mean age 24.6 years and s.d. ?.8; 22 females) participated in the main experiment and underwent fMRI. Three additional subjects were excluded from fMRI analyses due to errors in acquiring scanning images. Subjects were compensated for their time and travel. All subjects were right-handed, had normal or corrected vision and were screened to ensure no history of psychiatric or neurological problems. All subjects gave informed consent, and the study was approved by the University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology Research Ethics Committee. Experimental procedures Moral scenarios In an initial stage of materials development, we created four categories of scenario for use in the imaging study: Difficult Moral Scenarios; Easy Moral Scenarios; Difficult Non-Moral Scenarios and Easy Non-Moral Scenarios. To achieve this, subjects (N ?51) we.D this likely mirrors domain-general processing distinctions. For example, there is now a compelling body of evidence that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) underpins processes of error detection and conflict monitoring across multiple cognitive contexts. This knowledge has been fruitfully applied to the moral domain in work showing that high-conflict moral dilemmaswhen compared with low-conflict moral dilemmasrecruit the ACC (Greene et al., 2004). Similarly, the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) seems to subserve the general capacity to think about another’s perspective in socially contextualized situations and is reliably activated when participants deliberate over moral dilemmas where the ability to appreciate the interpersonal impact of a decision is paramount (Young et al., 2007, 2011; Young and Saxe, 2009). This approach has also proved productive in elucidating the role of the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in coding socio-emotional knowledge, such as stereotypes (Gozzi et al., 2009) and moral emotionssuch as pride (Tangney et al., 2007), embarrassment (Zahn et al., 2009) and guilt (Moll et al., 2011). Likewise, the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) appears to underpin cognitive control, reasoned thinking (Mansouri et al., 2009), abstract moral principles (Moll et al., 2002) and sensitivity to unfairness (Sanfey et al., 2003). Finally, a similar rationale has informed research controlling for cognitive load (Greene et al., 2008), semantic content (Takahashi et al., 2004), emotional arousal and regulation (Moll and de Oliveira-Souza, 2007; Decety et al., 2011), probability (Shenhav and Greene, 2010), intent (Berthoz et al., 2002; Young and Saxe, 2011) and harm (Kedia et al., 2008), in each case revealing distinct patterns of neural activation within the broader moral network. Although this broad approach of deconstructing the moral network has clearly been very productive, it rests on an important assumption: that we can experimentally isolate different components of the moral?The Author (2013). Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.SCAN (2014)O. FeldmanHall et al.MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects Overall, 89 subjects participated in the research reported here. Fifty-one subjects assisted us in rating the scenarios (mean age 29.6 years and s.d. ?.2; 30 females). Thirty-eight subjects (all right handed, mean age 24.6 years and s.d. ?.8; 22 females) participated in the main experiment and underwent fMRI. Three additional subjects were excluded from fMRI analyses due to errors in acquiring scanning images. Subjects were compensated for their time and travel. All subjects were right-handed, had normal or corrected vision and were screened to ensure no history of psychiatric or neurological problems. All subjects gave informed consent, and the study was approved by the University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology Research Ethics Committee. Experimental procedures Moral scenarios In an initial stage of materials development, we created four categories of scenario for use in the imaging study: Difficult Moral Scenarios; Easy Moral Scenarios; Difficult Non-Moral Scenarios and Easy Non-Moral Scenarios. To achieve this, subjects (N ?51) we.
