Ng correlation of peripheral parameters, elastance and tissue damping, correlated strongly with proteins elevated in NA. These correlations have been located to be extremely comparable to protein correlations observed for neutrophil and macrophage cell counts. Indeed, direct correlation evaluation revealed a sturdy constructive correlation for G (R = 0.99) and H (R = 0.97) with recruited neutrophils but not for other BAL cells. Conversely, Newtonian resistance as a central parameter for von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Degrader supplier airway responsiveness displayed no correlation with any NPY Y2 receptor Activator Accession Inflammatory cell count. This supports the theory that lung mechanics within the peripheral airways plays an important role in asthma pathophysiology on account of exaggerated airway closure [20]. Thus,Bergquist et al. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014, 14:110 http://biomedcentral/1471-2466/14/Page 11 ofprotein species associated using the NA phenotype also reflected peripheral airway closure. If confirmed, these proteins could serve as biomarkers indicating inflammation of distal airways. Furthermore, RN was found to correlate with chitinase 3, a popular biomarker in asthma. Chitinase three did not differentiate the two models of inflammation, though it has been recommended to play a important part in Th2 driven inflammatory response [21]. Similarly, further Th2 linked proteins, IL-5 and IL-13, correlated positively with RN. This suggests that commonly utilised markers for asthma, including IL-13 and chitinase, do actually only reflect central airway inflammation.Abbreviations BAL: Bronchoalveolar lavage; EA: Eosinophilic asthma; NA: Neutrophilic asthma; OVA: Ovalbumin; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; GC: Glucocorticoid; LC: Liquid chromatography; ESI: Electrospray ionization; FT: Fourier transform; MS: Mass spectrometry. Competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contribution MB and JHa conceived and created the study. SJ and JHj designed the animal model collectively with GH. SJ acquired and interpreted animal data. MB and JHa performed evaluation and interpretation with the protein information. MB and JHa wrote the manuscript;MB, SJ, JHj, GH and JHa revised the manuscript, study and approved the final version in the manuscript. Acknowledgements This perform was supported by the Swedish Analysis Council VR (nr 5315; GH), the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation (Hj t-Lungfonden, GH), the Anna Maria Lund Foundation at Sm ands Nation Uppsala (MB) along with the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences (JHa, MB). Author particulars 1 The Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Health-related Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 2Swedish Defence Investigation Agency, Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Ume Sweden. 3Respiratory Inflammation Revolutionary Medicines, AstraZeneca R D, M ndal, Sweden. 4Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technologies, Kemiv en 10, Gothenburg, Sweden. Received: 20 January 2014 Accepted: 12 June 2014 Published: four July 2014 References 1. Gibson PG: Inflammatory phenotypes in adult asthma: clinical applications. Clin Respir J 2009, 3(4):19806. 2. Murakami D, Yamada H, Yajima T, Masuda A, Komune S, Yoshikai Y: Lipopolysaccharide inhalation exacerbates allergic airway inflammation by activating mast cells and promoting Th2 responses. Clin Exp Allergy 2007, 37(3):33947. 3. Jonasson S, Hedenstierna G, Hjoberg J: Concomitant administration of nitric oxide and glucocorticoids improves protection against bronchoconstriction in a murine model of asthma. J Appl Physiol 2010, 109(2):52131. four. Jonasson S, Heden.
