ate [5]. Biotransformation using microorganisms has positive aspects over traditional chemical synthesis resulting from its environmental acceptability, stereo- and regio-selectivity, and mild conditions [8]. It may very well be used as an option to chemical synthesis for generation and optimization of lead H1 Receptor Antagonist Formulation compounds in drug discovery and development [9]. Moreover, microorganisms possess the capability to mimic mammalian metabolism as their expression of enzymes which might be homologous to phase I and II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, aryl sulfotransferases, and glutathione S-transferases [102]. Licorice is among the most well-known medicinal plants that has been utilised as a remedy for cough, gastric ulcer, inflammation, abdominal discomfort, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer considering that ancient time [13]. The main constituent glycyrrhizin and its aglycone glycyrrhetinic acid are also utilised in modern day medicine. Around the other hand, the phenolic constituents of licorice happen to be implicated in health-beneficial effects, especially in stomach ulcers. It has been reported that the phenolic constituents of licorice have pharmacological effects for health [14]. Nonetheless, small is identified around the biotransformation and cytotoxicity of these well being promoting phenolic compounds. In this study, two licorice isoflavonoids licoisoflavanone (1) and glycyrrhisoflavone (2) have been isolated from licorice, and two licorice chalcones echinatin (three) and isobavachalconePublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is definitely an open access short article distributed beneath the terms and conditions from the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 10109. doi.org/10.3390/ijmsmdpi/journal/ijmsInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, x FOR PEER REVIEW2 ofInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22,two ofIn this study, two licorice isoflavonoids licoisoflavanone (1) and glycyrrhisoflavone (two) have been isolated from licorice, and two licorice chalcones echinatin (three) and isobavachalcone (4) were synthesized. To expand the diversity of phenolic compounds, 1 (four) were synthesized. To expand the diversity of phenolic compounds, 1 were topic had been subject to biotransformation. Twelve new (5, 107 and 19) and 5 identified (8, 9, to biotransformation. Twelve new (five, 107 and 19) and 5 recognized (eight, 9, 18, 20 and 18, 20 and 21) metabolites were identified and their structures have been characterized by spec21) metabolites were identified and their structures had been characterized by spectroscopic troscopic Dopamine Receptor Antagonist supplier methods. All of the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against approaches. All the compounds have been evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human human cancer cell lines A375P, A549 and MCF-7. cancer cell lines A375P, A549 and MCF-7. 2. Final results and Discussion two. Final results and Discussion two.1. Biotransformation of Two Isoflavonoids, Licoisoflavanone (1) and Glycyrrhisoflavone (2) 2.1. Biotransformation of Two Isoflavonoids, Licoisoflavanone (1) and Glycyrrhisoflavone (two) with having a. KCCM 60332 A. niger niger KCCM 60332 Biotransformation licoisoflavanone (1) by the chosen fungal strain niger KCCM Biotransformation of licoisoflavanone (1) by the selected fungal strain A.A. niger KCCM 60332produced one new hydroxylated metabolite five. Biotransformation of glycyrrhi
