tissue dehydration, adaptive P2X7 Receptor list immune response, protein binding, activation of connected enzymes, migration of immune cells, and so on. In this descriptive study, our findings revealed the alterations in the host transcriptome expression profile when feeding an antibioticfree diet and recommended that feeding an antibiotic-free diet plan alters the host’s metabolic network plus the expression of antiviral proteins. Abstract: China officially promulgated the announcement of banning the use of antibiotics in the animal business in 2020. Nonetheless, the prohibition of antibiotics in the animal market would cut down the feed conversion rate and improve the mortality of animals. To be able to acquire information regarding the pathogenesis and host immune response of rabbits with diarrhea just after becoming fed an antibioticfree diet program, we first analyzed the intestinal tissue sections of rabbits. Secondly, the gene expression differences of rabbit intestinal segments had been analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Our evaluation identified 168, 593, 2069, 334, 321, and 1423 DEGs within the comparison groups S_Z (the duodenum of healthy rabbits) vs. S_B (diarrhea in the duodenum of rabbits), K_Z (healthy rabbit jejunum) vs. K_B (rabbits with diarrhea in the jejunum), H_Z (healthy rabbit ileum) vs. H_B (rabbits with diarrhea inside the ileum), M_Z (healthier cecum of rabbits) vs. M_B (rabbits with diarrhea in the cecum), J_Z (wholesome rabbit colon) vs. J_B (colon of rabbits with diarrhea), and Z_Z (healthier rabbit rectum) vs. Z_B (rectum of rabbits with diarrhea), respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability of your results were validated by RT-qPCR. Enrichment analyses of GO annotations and KEGG pathways revealed the host DEGs that are potentially connected to acute inflammation, anxiety response, tissue dehydration, adaptive immune response, protein binding, activation of connected enzymes, migration of immune cells, and so on. Within this descriptive study, our findings revealed the adjustments in the host transcriptome expression profile just after feeding an antibiotic-free diet plan and suggested that feeding an antibiotic-free eating plan alters the host’s metabolic network and also the expression of antiviral proteins, which gives a theoretical basis for further study on the immune response of animals fed an antibiotic-free eating plan.Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in RIPK1 custom synthesis published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is an open access write-up distributed beneath the terms and circumstances with the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).Animals 2021, 11, 2994. doi.org/10.3390/animdpi/journal/animalsAnimals 2021, 11,2 ofKeywords: transcriptomic analysis; no-antibiotic diet; diarrhea; rabbit1. Introduction Since the initially use of antibiotics in piglets and chickens in 1949, it has been discovered that feeding diets containing antibiotics could preserve animal intestinal wellness and minimize livestock mortality [1,2]. Even so, feeding an antibiotic diet regime would steadily weaken the immune potential of animals, causing animal resistance to antibiotics and forming a vicious circle, and leading to human health troubles brought on by antibiotic residues in meat [3]. Thus, the animal business plus the consumer market place had been increasingly calling for the abolition on the use of feed antibiotics [4,5]. One example is, Sweden, the European Union, and China banned the use of antibiotics in
