E, and curcuminoid will refer to two or additional of those
E, and curcuminoid will refer to two or much more of these compounds with each other. The initial suggestion that IQP-0528 Cancer curcumin had antiviral properties came within the 1990s, with the discovery that curcumin and curcumin boron complexes could inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral protease in vitro, with an average inhibitory concentration (IC50) of one hundred [17]. Since then, several research have discovered that curcumin hasMolecules 2021, 26,3 ofantiviral activity against a diverse set of viruses, like each RNA and DNA viruses, each enveloped and non-enveloped, as is systematically updated in detail below [12,14]. three. Chosen Research The primary qualities on the 46 chosen research are presented in Table 1. Articles have been published from July 1993 to November 2021. Various selected research had been on different types of human viruses, like human immunodeficiency virus (nine studies), hepatitis C virus (five research), human cytomegalovirus (three studies), hepatitis B virus (four studies), herpes ML-SA1 Technical Information simplex viruses (4 research), dengue virus (four studies), enterovirus 71 (two research), human T lymphocyte virus (two research), vesicular stomatitis virus (two research), and respiratory syncytial virus (two research). There was a single study for viruses like zika and chikungunya, coronavirus, Rift Valley fever virus, human norovirus, coxsackievirus B3, Japanese encephalitis virus, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. To figure out the cytotoxicity effect of curcumin, MTT (3-(four,five dimethyl thiazoleyl -2)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and trypan blue exclusion assays were utilised in eighteen and four studies, respectively; whereas the water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) strategy was utilised in two research. These assays are dependent around the number of viable cells as well as the worth is known as the median cellular cytotoxicity concentration (CC50). In all incorporated research, distinct dilutions of curcumin have been evaluated to determine cytotoxicity concentration. The number of viable cells was straight determined by colorimetric procedures as well as the 50 cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) was calculated by nonlinear regression analysis. Cell culture techniques utilized for the evaluation from the cytotoxicity concentration had been performed according to cell culture suggestions. Accordingly, CC50 values were determined in 36 research. Other folks chosen numerous concentrations of curcumin according to the observed low toxicity and cell viability decrease in a dose-dependent manner. Twelve, seven, thirteen, and a single research applied plaque reduction assay, TCID50, MTT, hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI), and Immunofluorescence (IFA) strategies, respectively, for in vitro antiviral activity of curcumin. The value from the minimum concentration of curcumin is known as the median effective or inhibitory concentration (EC50/IC50) to decrease a 50 cytopathic effect (CPE) and was calculated by linear regression evaluation. Therapeutic index (TI) or selectivity index (SI) was expressed as the ratio of CC50/EC50. Virological techniques used for the evaluation of viral titration have been performed based on common suggestions. From the 43 research reviewed, sixteen studies reported data on the EC50 or IC50 values of curcumin towards the different viruses. Moreover, 27 remaining studies showed that curcumin decreased the production of infectious particles in different infected cells within a dose-dependent manner.Molecules 2021, 26,4 ofTable 1. Qualities of chosen research on.
