The Total preprints, policy documents, patents and datasets (Figure 3). A total of 48,135 study Atmosphere (N = 1472; 3 ); Lecture Notes in Pc Science (N = 122; 2 ); and Frontiers research were published in 199 journals, largely in PLOS A single (N = 1538; 3 ), Science of in Marine Science (N = 1219; two ). These results are constant with Costa et al. (2020) [45], the Total Environment (N = 1472; three ); Lecture Notes in Computer Science (N = 122; 2 ); and who analyzed deepsea biodiversity using the science mapping method to supply a Frontiers in Marine Science (N = 1219; two ). These outcomes are constant with Costa et al. systematic and international bibliometric evaluation regarding the studied topic. (2020) [45], who analyzed deep-sea biodiversity making use of the science mapping strategy to supply a systematic and worldwide bibliometric analysis about the studied subject.Figure three. The percentage and kind of documents corresponding to our search query for deep-sea and Figure three. The percentage and variety of documents corresponding to our search query for deepsea ecosystem solutions. and ecosystem solutions.The visualization map in the documents published among 2012 and 2021 (Figure 4a) shows the selection of PK 11195 Parasite keywords and phrases and their co-occurrences associated to deep-sea ecosystem services. Co-occurrences are utilized to understand the underlying patterns from the document set beneath investigation [46]. In total, 291 terms were presented and grouped into 5 clusters, with 29,643 links plus a total hyperlink strength of 307,534. The primary keyword co-occurrences for the red cluster (red circles in Figure 4a) are management (co-occurrence: 611), strategy (co-occurrence: 654), ecosystem services (co-occurrence: 562) and assessment (co-occurrence: 475), followed by the green circles, for which the main search phrases are diversity (co-occurrence: 636), abundance (co-occurrence: 592), concentration (co-occurrence: 565) and sediment (cooccurrence: 480). The primary topic corresponding for the third cluster (blue circles) is climate alter, where the key search phrases are temperature (co-occurrence: 478) and warming (cooccurrence: 122). The primary keywords and phrases related to the yellow cluster are carbon sequestration (co-occurrences: 240) and sea-level rise (co-occurrences: 176). The fifth cluster is primarily connected to biodiversity (co-occurrence: 566), biomass (co-occurrence: 400) and ecosystem function (co-occurrence: 218). Each cluster covers the following subjects: (i) The ecosystem Alvelestat Inhibitor solutions and goods, management and assessment tools and approaches cluster (red cluster in Figure 4a; 98 terms) reveals that the research on ocean governance and conservation plus the assessment of deep-sea ecosystem services are somewhat advanced. Such research primarily concentrate on laws and regulations concerning the exploration and exploitation of deep-sea sources, specifically oil and gas and deep-sea minerals. How-Sustainability 2021, 13,six ofever, the occurrence of keyword phrases which include “knowledge” (co-occurrence: 286), “knowledge gap” (co-occurrence: 58), “gap” (co-occurrence: 110), “challenge” (co-occurrence: 242) and “uncertainty” (co-occurrence: 111) demonstrate that researchers are still investigating the best way to overcome the lack of expertise connected for the field of “deep-sea ecosystem services”, which is the primary concern against, for example, the improvement of deep-sea mining. (ii) The deep-sea sediments, contamination and microplastic pollution cluster (green cluster in Figure 4a; 82 terms) mostly refers to research rel.
