Duced pluripotent stem cell; KDR: kinase insert domain receptor; LSGS: low serum growth supplement; M200: Medium 200; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; MVB: multivesicular body; OCT: optimum cutting temperature; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PE: phycoerythrin; PGF: placental growth factor; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; RTCA: real-time cell analyzer; TBST: Tris-buffered saline with tween; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGFB1: transforming growth factor beta 1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions ZD, YW, and CZ conceived the study, designed the experiments, and provided their funds to the study. GH and QL participated in the experiments of iPSC culture, differentiation; iMSCs identification and expansion; iMSCs-Exo isolation and identification; as well as draft and final approval of the manuscript. XN and BH were responsible for animal handling and surgery and for limb function analysis. SG and SZ contributed to HUVEC isolation and expansion; HUVEC migration, proliferation, and tube formation experiments; and molecular genetic studies. HL taken all images from iPSC differentiation, HUVEC migration, proliferation, and tube formation experiments and in vivo immunohistochemistry and performed statistical analysis of all experimental data. JL contributed to experiments in article revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgments The authors thank Jing Liao and Lei Xiao for providing the human iPSC line (get ARA290 iPS-S-01) and Duan-qing Pei for providing the iPSCs (C1P33) and iPSCs (PCKDSF001C1). This work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#81472152), the National High TechnologyHu et al. Stem Cell Research Therapy 2015, 6:10 http://stemcellres.com/content/6/1/Page 15 of21. Arslan F, Lai RC, Smeets MB, Akeroyd L, Choo A, Aguor EN, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes increase ATP levels, decrease oxidative stress and activate PI3K/Akt pathway to enhance myocardial viability and prevent adverse remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res. 2013;10:301?2. 22. Bian S, Zhang L, Duan L, Wang X, Min Y, Yu H. Extracellular vesicles derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote angiogenesis in a rat myocardial infarction model. J Mol Med (Berl). 2014;92:387?7. 23. Xin H, Li Y, Cui Y, Yang JJ, Zhang ZG, Chopp M. Systemic administration of exosomes released from mesenchymal stromal cells promote functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity after stroke in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013;33:1711?. 24. Lai RC, Yeo RW, Tan KH, Lim SK. Exosomes for drug delivery – a novel application for the mesenchymal stem cell. Biotechnol Adv. 2013;31:543?1. 25. Liao J, Wu Z, PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25768400 Wang Y, Cheng L, Cui C, Gao Y, et al. Enhanced efficiency of generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human somatic cells by a combination of six transcription factors. Cell Res. 2008;18:600?. 26. Cai J, Li W, Su H, Qin D, Yang J, Zhu F, et al. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord matrix and amniotic membrane mesenchymal cells. J Biol Chem. 2010;285:11227?4. 27. Rowland TJ, Miller LM, Blaschke AJ, Doss EL, Bonham AJ, Hikita ST, et al. Roles of integrins in human induced pluripotent stem cell growth on Matrigel and vitronectin. Stem Cells Dev. 2010;19:1231?0. 28. Zou L, Luo Y, Chen.
