Ting. BEB was not as good as it seemed to be in the accurate case, while SBOSS improved significantly compared to the others. For its part, OPPS-DS obtained the best overall results in the inaccurate case by outperforming all the other algorithms in two out of three experiments while remaining among the best ones in the last experiment.6 ConclusionWe have proposed a BRL comparison methodology which takes into account both performance and time requirements for each algorithm. In particular, our benchmarking protocol shows that no single algorithm dominates all other algorithms on all scenarios. The protocol we introduced can compare any time algorithm to non-anytime algorithms while measuring the impact of inaccurate offline training. By comparing algorithms on large sets of problems, we provided a fair comparison reflecting the efficiency of each algorithm to exploit the prior knowledge. We have also considered an “inaccurate” case, which allows us to identify which algorithms recover quickly from errors in the prior GS-9620 price distribution. Our methodology is associated with an open-source library, BBRL, and we hope that it will help other researchers to design algorithms whose performances are put into perspective with computation times, that may be critical in many applications. This library is specifically designed to handle new algorithms easily, and is provided with a complete and comprehensive documentation website.Supporting InformationS1 File. Pseudo-code of the algorithms. (PDF) S2 File. MDP distributions in detail. (PDF) S3 File. Paired sampled Z-test. (PDF)Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: MC RF. Performed the experiments: MC. Analyzed the data: MC AC RF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MC. Wrote the paper: MC DE AC RF.
Psychological treatments have the potential of alleviating mental distress and enhancing wellbeing for many patients suffering from psychiatric disorders and somatic complaints. Research of such methods as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) indicate that they are effective and can have long-term benefits, both in research settings and in regular outpatient clinics [1?]. Meanwhile, different ways of increasing access to psychological treatments have been explored, both by introducing national guidelines and recommendations to health-care providers [4?], and by investigating the usefulness of Internet or smartphone delivered treatment interventions [7?]. However, although promising in relation to disseminating best available care, little attention has thus far been given to the potential of negative effects of psychological treatments [10]. Most clinical trials focus on the average treatment outcome and the number of patients achieving clinical significant change, that is, attaining a positive result that fulfills a predetermined diagnostic criterion or is beyond a statistical cutoff, while ignoring the fact that some patients might also experience adverse or unwanted events [11?3]. In comparison to Bayer 41-4109 site pharmacological research, studies involving psychological treatments seldom report the possibility of negative effects [14]. A recent review showed that only one-fifth of a large number of randomized controlled trials mentioned the occurrence of harm [15]. The situation has more or less remained the same throughout history, presumably because efforts were made to determine the efficacy of psychological treatments and establish their position in relation to medicine [16], thereby missing to.Ting. BEB was not as good as it seemed to be in the accurate case, while SBOSS improved significantly compared to the others. For its part, OPPS-DS obtained the best overall results in the inaccurate case by outperforming all the other algorithms in two out of three experiments while remaining among the best ones in the last experiment.6 ConclusionWe have proposed a BRL comparison methodology which takes into account both performance and time requirements for each algorithm. In particular, our benchmarking protocol shows that no single algorithm dominates all other algorithms on all scenarios. The protocol we introduced can compare any time algorithm to non-anytime algorithms while measuring the impact of inaccurate offline training. By comparing algorithms on large sets of problems, we provided a fair comparison reflecting the efficiency of each algorithm to exploit the prior knowledge. We have also considered an “inaccurate” case, which allows us to identify which algorithms recover quickly from errors in the prior distribution. Our methodology is associated with an open-source library, BBRL, and we hope that it will help other researchers to design algorithms whose performances are put into perspective with computation times, that may be critical in many applications. This library is specifically designed to handle new algorithms easily, and is provided with a complete and comprehensive documentation website.Supporting InformationS1 File. Pseudo-code of the algorithms. (PDF) S2 File. MDP distributions in detail. (PDF) S3 File. Paired sampled Z-test. (PDF)Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: MC RF. Performed the experiments: MC. Analyzed the data: MC AC RF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MC. Wrote the paper: MC DE AC RF.
Psychological treatments have the potential of alleviating mental distress and enhancing wellbeing for many patients suffering from psychiatric disorders and somatic complaints. Research of such methods as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) indicate that they are effective and can have long-term benefits, both in research settings and in regular outpatient clinics [1?]. Meanwhile, different ways of increasing access to psychological treatments have been explored, both by introducing national guidelines and recommendations to health-care providers [4?], and by investigating the usefulness of Internet or smartphone delivered treatment interventions [7?]. However, although promising in relation to disseminating best available care, little attention has thus far been given to the potential of negative effects of psychological treatments [10]. Most clinical trials focus on the average treatment outcome and the number of patients achieving clinical significant change, that is, attaining a positive result that fulfills a predetermined diagnostic criterion or is beyond a statistical cutoff, while ignoring the fact that some patients might also experience adverse or unwanted events [11?3]. In comparison to pharmacological research, studies involving psychological treatments seldom report the possibility of negative effects [14]. A recent review showed that only one-fifth of a large number of randomized controlled trials mentioned the occurrence of harm [15]. The situation has more or less remained the same throughout history, presumably because efforts were made to determine the efficacy of psychological treatments and establish their position in relation to medicine [16], thereby missing to.
