F CD8+ T lymphocytes before operation, but this difference was not statistically significant (P.0.05). The percentages of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the surgical resection group and the IRE group decreased greatly 14 days after the operation and were significantly different from those in the sham operation group and the control group. purchase Sudan I However, comparing the surgical resection group, IRE group and non-tumorbearing group, we found that there were no significant differences between any two groups in the percentages of CD8+ T lymphocytes at 14 or 21 days after operation.Statistical AnalysisThe data were expressed as means 6 standard deviations. Significant differences between timepoints or groups were analyzed using 
ANOVA for repeated measures with Tamhane’s T2 method for multiple comparisons in SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Differences were considered statistically significant when P,0.05.Cytokine IFN-c-Positive and IL-4-Positive Splenocyte AnalysisSplenocytes were assayed for IFN-c and IL-4 production using intracellular cytokine staining. There were no significant differences in the 4 IBP web percentage of IFNc-positive splenocytes among the five groups before operation (P.0.05) (Fig. 4). The percentage of IFN-c-positive splenocytes greatly increased with time in the surgical resection group and IRE group, and it was significantly higher than that in the other three groups at 21 days after operation. Furthermore, the IRE group showed a significantly higher percentage of IFN-c-positive splenocytes than did the control group and surgical resection group. However, the percentage of IL-4-positive splenocytes remained similar in all five groups throughout the experiment.Results Rat SurvivalAfter inoculation with UMR106 osteosarcoma cells, the volume of the tumor mass increased gradually. The tumors reached nearly 1.0 centimeters in diameter at 6? days after the inoculation, but none of the rats died due to tumor growth during the experiment. In the IRE group, the tumor volume tended to decrease gradually after the operation. No in-situ tumor recurrence was found in the surgical resection group or in the IRE group.Serum sIL-2R and IL-Tumor-bearing rats showed significantly higher serum levels of both sIL-2R and IL-10 than did non-tumor-bearing rats prior to the operation (P,0.05) (Fig. 5). The sIL-2R and IL-10 levels decreased with time in the surgical resection group and IRE group, and these values were significantly different from those in the sham operation group and control group 7 days after operation. Furthermore, the serum sIL-2R level in the IRE group decreased more rapidly than did that in the surgical resection group from 14 to 21 days after operation (P,0.05). Until 21 days after operation, there was no significant difference in the serum sIL-2R level between the IRE group and the non-tumor-bearing group. However, no significant difference in serum IL-10 1326631 level was found between the IRE group and the 
surgical resection group 14 days after operation, and these values were similar to those in the non-tumor-bearing group at 21 days after operation.Hematoxylin osin (HE) Staining DetectionHistological examination of the tissue taken from the site of tumor implantation was performed by a pathologist. Nine tumors in the IRE group were examined 1 day before IRE, as well as at 1 and 3 days after IRE, respectively. As shown in Fig. 2A, 1 day before IRE, the tumor cells displayed a large nucleus surrounded by well-marked cytoplasm and a well-defined cel.F CD8+ T lymphocytes before operation, but this difference was not statistically significant (P.0.05). The percentages of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the surgical resection group and the IRE group decreased greatly 14 days after the operation and were significantly different from those in the sham operation group and the control group. However, comparing the surgical resection group, IRE group and non-tumorbearing group, we found that there were no significant differences between any two groups in the percentages of CD8+ T lymphocytes at 14 or 21 days after operation.Statistical AnalysisThe data were expressed as means 6 standard deviations. Significant differences between timepoints or groups were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures with Tamhane’s T2 method for multiple comparisons in SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Differences were considered statistically significant when P,0.05.Cytokine IFN-c-Positive and IL-4-Positive Splenocyte AnalysisSplenocytes were assayed for IFN-c and IL-4 production using intracellular cytokine staining. There were no significant differences in the percentage of IFNc-positive splenocytes among the five groups before operation (P.0.05) (Fig. 4). The percentage of IFN-c-positive splenocytes greatly increased with time in the surgical resection group and IRE group, and it was significantly higher than that in the other three groups at 21 days after operation. Furthermore, the IRE group showed a significantly higher percentage of IFN-c-positive splenocytes than did the control group and surgical resection group. However, the percentage of IL-4-positive splenocytes remained similar in all five groups throughout the experiment.Results Rat SurvivalAfter inoculation with UMR106 osteosarcoma cells, the volume of the tumor mass increased gradually. The tumors reached nearly 1.0 centimeters in diameter at 6? days after the inoculation, but none of the rats died due to tumor growth during the experiment. In the IRE group, the tumor volume tended to decrease gradually after the operation. No in-situ tumor recurrence was found in the surgical resection group or in the IRE group.Serum sIL-2R and IL-Tumor-bearing rats showed significantly higher serum levels of both sIL-2R and IL-10 than did non-tumor-bearing rats prior to the operation (P,0.05) (Fig. 5). The sIL-2R and IL-10 levels decreased with time in the surgical resection group and IRE group, and these values were significantly different from those in the sham operation group and control group 7 days after operation. Furthermore, the serum sIL-2R level in the IRE group decreased more rapidly than did that in the surgical resection group from 14 to 21 days after operation (P,0.05). Until 21 days after operation, there was no significant difference in the serum sIL-2R level between the IRE group and the non-tumor-bearing group. However, no significant difference in serum IL-10 1326631 level was found between the IRE group and the surgical resection group 14 days after operation, and these values were similar to those in the non-tumor-bearing group at 21 days after operation.Hematoxylin osin (HE) Staining DetectionHistological examination of the tissue taken from the site of tumor implantation was performed by a pathologist. Nine tumors in the IRE group were examined 1 day before IRE, as well as at 1 and 3 days after IRE, respectively. As shown in Fig. 2A, 1 day before IRE, the tumor cells displayed a large nucleus surrounded by well-marked cytoplasm and a well-defined cel.