Is possible that SMCX can mediate transcription repression also independently of its demethylase activity. In the present study, a reduction of 15-LOX-1 protein two days after SMYD3 siRNA treatment was not observed. This, however, is not surprising considering the stability of the 15-LOX-1 protein in L1236 cells; neither 15-LOX-1 siRNA nor the translation inhibitor cycloheximide was able to knock down the 15-LOX-1 protein levels after two or three days treatment (data not shown). Collectively, our data suggest that histone methylation/ demethylation at the 15-LOX-1 promoter is important in the transcriptional regulation of the gene in cultured 
cells. Thus, theprocess of 15-LOX-1 related eicosanoid oxygenation is controlled also by the dynamic balance between HMTs and HDMs.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Drs. Nakamura and 25033180 Furukawa (University of Tokyo) for the generous gift of the SMYD3 expression plasmid. We thank Dr. Barbara J. Speck (University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA) for linguistic advice.Author Fruquintinib ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: CL. Performed the experiments: CL HH FS YF ZX. Analyzed the data: DX HC MB CL. Contributed Tetracosactrin site reagents/materials/analysis tools: FY. Wrote the paper: CL JS.
Adequate zinc nutrition is necessary for normal pregnancy outcome and child growth, immune function and neurobehavioral development [1]. In populations at risk of zinc deficiency, preventive zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of premature delivery, decreases morbidity from childhood diarrhea and acute lower respiratory infections, lowers all-cause mortality, and increases linear growth and weight gain among infants and young children [2,3]. In addition, therapeutic zinc supplementation during diarrheal episodes reduces the duration and severity of the illness [4]. To estimate the global and 23977191 regional disease burden attributable to zinc deficiency and assess the need for and appropriate targeting of zinc intervention programs, it is necessary to determine the prevalence and severity of zinc deficiency in populations. Three indicators of population risk of zinc deficiency have beenrecommended: (1) the percentage of the population with plasma (serum) zinc concentrations below an appropriate cut-off, (2) the prevalence of usual dietary zinc intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and (3) the percentage of children less than five years of age with height-for-age Z scores less than -2 SD with respect to the WHO child growth standards [5?]. Unfortunately, due to perceived high costs and logistical challenges, as well as the existence of a limited number of valid biomarkers, few nationally representative surveys have been conducted in low-income countries to assess population zinc status and the risk of zinc deficiency using the aforementioned recommended indicators. Until such data become more widely available, information on the amount of total and absorbable zinc in national food supplies may provide useful information on the risk of inadequate zinc intake in populations and help determine the need for more specific assessments of population zinc status. In a companion article to this publication, we estimated country- andPrevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake and Stuntingregion-specific risks of dietary zinc inadequacy based on national food balance sheet data obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The former paper highlighted the major sources of uncertainty in this analysis an.Is possible that SMCX can mediate transcription repression also independently of its demethylase activity. In the present study, a reduction of 15-LOX-1 protein two days after SMYD3 siRNA treatment was not observed. This, however, is not surprising considering the stability of the 15-LOX-1 protein in L1236 cells; neither 15-LOX-1 siRNA nor the translation inhibitor cycloheximide was able to knock down the 15-LOX-1 protein levels after two or three days treatment (data not shown). Collectively, our data suggest that histone methylation/ demethylation at the 15-LOX-1 promoter is important in the transcriptional regulation of the gene in cultured cells. Thus, theprocess of 15-LOX-1 related eicosanoid oxygenation is controlled also by the dynamic balance between HMTs and HDMs.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Drs. Nakamura and 25033180 Furukawa (University of Tokyo) for the generous gift of the SMYD3 expression plasmid. We thank Dr. Barbara J. Speck (University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA) for linguistic advice.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: CL. Performed the experiments: CL HH FS YF ZX. Analyzed the data: DX HC MB CL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FY. Wrote the 
paper: CL JS.
Adequate zinc nutrition is necessary for normal pregnancy outcome and child growth, immune function and neurobehavioral development [1]. In populations at risk of zinc deficiency, preventive zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of premature delivery, decreases morbidity from childhood diarrhea and acute lower respiratory infections, lowers all-cause mortality, and increases linear growth and weight gain among infants and young children [2,3]. In addition, therapeutic zinc supplementation during diarrheal episodes reduces the duration and severity of the illness [4]. To estimate the global and 23977191 regional disease burden attributable to zinc deficiency and assess the need for and appropriate targeting of zinc intervention programs, it is necessary to determine the prevalence and severity of zinc deficiency in populations. Three indicators of population risk of zinc deficiency have beenrecommended: (1) the percentage of the population with plasma (serum) zinc concentrations below an appropriate cut-off, (2) the prevalence of usual dietary zinc intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and (3) the percentage of children less than five years of age with height-for-age Z scores less than -2 SD with respect to the WHO child growth standards [5?]. Unfortunately, due to perceived high costs and logistical challenges, as well as the existence of a limited number of valid biomarkers, few nationally representative surveys have been conducted in low-income countries to assess population zinc status and the risk of zinc deficiency using the aforementioned recommended indicators. Until such data become more widely available, information on the amount of total and absorbable zinc in national food supplies may provide useful information on the risk of inadequate zinc intake in populations and help determine the need for more specific assessments of population zinc status. In a companion article to this publication, we estimated country- andPrevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake and Stuntingregion-specific risks of dietary zinc inadequacy based on national food balance sheet data obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The former paper highlighted the major sources of uncertainty in this analysis an.
