Nce 127?43 in CoreFigure 4. Amyloid fibril formation by mPrP(23?30) seeded with mPrP(23?30) seed or mPrP(107?43) seed. (A) Amyloidogenesis of mPrP(23?30) (22 mM) in 1 M GdnHCl, 3 M urea in PBS, pH 6.0, purchase Potassium clavulanate incubated at 37uC with vigorous shaking in the absence of seed (denoted by closed, half-filled and open squares for three independent measurements) or in the presence of 20 mL (denoted by closed, half-filled and open circles for three independent measurements) or 40 mL (denoted by closed, half-filled and open up triangles for three independent measurements) of sonicated mPrP(23?30) seed. In these three seeding experiments, mPrP(23?30) seed was prepared independently and three batches of seed contained 88.7, 88.3 and 96.2 pmoles of mPrP(23?30) monomer per microliter seed solution. (B) Amyloidogenesis of mPrP(23?30) under the same conditions as in (A) cross-seeded with 20 mL of sonicated mPrP(107?43) seed (denoted by closed, half-filled and open circles for three independent measurements). The seed contained 131.9, 129.1, and 119.7 pmoles of mPrP(107?43) per microliter solution in these three independent measurements. The data of spontaneous amyloidogenesis without seeding are also shown in the same plot for comparison. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067967.gdigested mPrP(23?30) fibrils were collected by centrifugation of the reaction mixture, re-suspended in the same volume of water (shown in Figure S2), and its seeding ability was tested. As shown in Figure 5, the PK-digested seed was apparently more effective at initiating amyloidogenesis of mPrP(107?43), indicating that the effective association between the amyloid core of the seed and the monomer is an important determinant of seeding efficiency.Comparison of the Cross-seeding Effect of mPrP(107?126) and mPrP(127?43) Fibrils on the mPrP(23?30) MonomerThe results above suggested that mPrP(23?30) and mPrP(107?143) might share the same amyloid core. Within mPrP(107?43), the N-terminal half contains the amyloidogenic sequence “AGAAAAGA” and is more hydrophobic than the C-terminal half. However, as shown in Figures 2C and 2D, mPrP(127?43)formed amyloid rapidly and at a low concentration, whereas, in the case of mPrP(107?26), the amyloidogenesis was slow and required a very high peptide concentration. In the amyloidogenesis of the mPrP(23?30) monomer, shown in Figure 6, addition of 50 mL of mPrP(107?26) seed which contains as high as 1.8 nmoles mPrP(107?26) monomers per microliter seed solution still showed no 23727046 seeding effect. In fact, the average lag time of amyloid formation of mPrP(23?30) was even slightly prolonged in the presence of mPrP(107?26) seed (Figure 6A), suggesting that mPrP(107?26) fibrils might interfere the self-association of mPrP(23?30). To test whether the lack of seeding effect of preformed mPrP(107?26) fibril was due to its less stability in the denaturing condition used for amyloidogenesis of mPrP(23?30) monomer throughout this study, we incubated all three fibrils order 298690-60-5 generated from short prion peptides for 4 days in the fibrillization buffer and subjected to transmission electron microscopy toMouse Prion Amyloid Has Sequence 127?43 in CoreFigure 5. Amyloid fibril formation by mPrP(107?43) monomer in the absence of seed or in the presence of mPrP(23?30) seed with or without proteinase K digestion. mPrP(107?43) (50 mM) in 140 mM NaCl and 20 mM NaOAc, pH 3.7, was incubated at 25uC without shaking alone (denoted by closed, half-filled and open squares for three independent measu.Nce 127?43 in CoreFigure 4. Amyloid fibril formation by mPrP(23?30) seeded with mPrP(23?30) seed or mPrP(107?43) seed. (A) Amyloidogenesis of mPrP(23?30) (22 mM) in 1 M GdnHCl, 3 M urea in PBS, pH 6.0, incubated at 37uC with vigorous shaking in the absence of seed (denoted by closed, half-filled and open squares for three independent measurements) or in the presence of 20 mL (denoted by closed, half-filled and open circles for three independent measurements) or 40 mL (denoted by closed, half-filled and open up triangles for three independent measurements) of sonicated mPrP(23?30) seed. In these three seeding experiments, mPrP(23?30) seed was prepared independently and three batches of seed contained 88.7, 88.3 and 96.2 pmoles of mPrP(23?30) monomer per microliter seed solution. (B) Amyloidogenesis of mPrP(23?30) under the same conditions as in (A) cross-seeded with 20 mL of sonicated mPrP(107?43) seed (denoted by closed, half-filled and open circles for three independent measurements). The seed contained 131.9, 129.1, and 119.7 pmoles of mPrP(107?43) per microliter solution in these three independent measurements. The data of spontaneous amyloidogenesis without seeding are also shown in the same plot for comparison. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067967.gdigested mPrP(23?30) fibrils were collected by centrifugation of the reaction mixture, re-suspended in the same volume of water (shown in Figure S2), and its seeding ability was tested. As shown in Figure 5, the PK-digested seed was apparently more effective at initiating amyloidogenesis of mPrP(107?43), indicating that the effective association between the amyloid core of the seed and the monomer is an important determinant of seeding efficiency.Comparison of the Cross-seeding Effect of mPrP(107?126) and mPrP(127?43) Fibrils on the mPrP(23?30) MonomerThe results above suggested that mPrP(23?30) and mPrP(107?143) might share the same amyloid core. Within mPrP(107?43), the N-terminal half contains the amyloidogenic sequence “AGAAAAGA” and is more hydrophobic than the C-terminal half. However, as shown in Figures 2C and 2D, mPrP(127?43)formed amyloid rapidly and at a low concentration, whereas, in the case of mPrP(107?26), the amyloidogenesis was slow and required a very high peptide concentration. In the amyloidogenesis of the mPrP(23?30) monomer, shown in Figure 6, addition of 50 mL of mPrP(107?26) seed which contains as high as 1.8 nmoles mPrP(107?26) monomers per microliter seed solution still showed no 23727046 seeding effect. In fact, the average lag time of amyloid formation of mPrP(23?30) was even slightly prolonged in the presence of mPrP(107?26) seed (Figure 6A), suggesting that mPrP(107?26) fibrils might interfere the self-association of mPrP(23?30). To test whether the lack of seeding effect of preformed mPrP(107?26) fibril was due to its less stability in the denaturing condition used for amyloidogenesis of mPrP(23?30) monomer throughout this study, we incubated all three fibrils generated from short prion peptides for 4 days in the fibrillization buffer and subjected to transmission electron microscopy toMouse Prion Amyloid Has Sequence 127?43 in CoreFigure 5. Amyloid fibril formation by mPrP(107?43) monomer in the absence of seed or in the presence of mPrP(23?30) seed with or without proteinase K digestion. mPrP(107?43) (50 mM) in 140 mM NaCl and 20 mM NaOAc, pH 3.7, was incubated at 25uC without shaking alone (denoted by closed, half-filled and open squares for three independent measu.
