Synephrine
Synephrine is an endogenous alkaloid that can also be found in citrus fruits, Evodia, and Zanthoxylum. Synephrine exhibits vasoconstrictive, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. Synephrine acts as a positive inotrope, activating adrenergic receptors (displaying partial selectivity for α-adrenergic receptors), TAAR-1 receptors, and 5-HT receptors. Synephrine decreases levels of ROS, activity of myeloperoxidase, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the lungs of animal models of lung injury and inflammation. Additionally, synephrine inhibits gastrointestinal motility and slows gastric emptying.
References PubMed ID：:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974308
| Cas No. |
94-07-5 |
|---|---|
| Purity |
≥98% |
| Formula |
C9H13NO2 |
| Formula Wt. |
167.21 |
| Chemical Name |
4-Hydroxy-α-[(methylamino)methyl]benzenemethanol |
| IUPAC Name |
4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol |
| Synonym |
Analeptin; Ethaphene; Oxedrine; Parasympatol; Simpalon; Synerphrin; Synthenate |
| Melting Point |
184-185°C |
| Solubility |
Soluble in water. |
| Appearance |
White to off white powder |
Wu Q, Li R, Soromou LW, et al. p-Synephrine suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Inflamm Res. 2014 Jun;63(6):429-39. PMID: 24487736.
Ozçelik B, Kartal M, Orhan I. Cytotoxicity, antiviral and antimicrobial activities of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Pharm Biol. 2011 Apr;49(4):396-402. PMID: 21391841.
Fang YS, Shan DM, Liu JW, et al. Effect of constituents from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Paeoniae Alba on gastrointestinal movement. Planta Med. 2009 Jan;75(1):24-31. PMID: 19016407.
Endoh M, Schümann HJ, Krappitz N, et al. alpha-Adrenoceptors mediating positive inotropic effects on the ventricular myocardium: some aspects of structure-activity relationship of sympathomimetic amines. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1976 Apr;26(2):179-90. PMID: 7694.
