Silymarin
Silymarin is a flavonolignan mixture found in Silybum (milk thistle) seeds; it exhibits antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, immunosuppressive, antioxidative, and anticancer activities. Silymarin inhibits influenza virus proliferation by suppressing viral RNA synthesis. In animal models of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), silymarin decreases inflammation, collagen deposition, and levels of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-8, and HIF-1α. In animal models of fibrosis, silymarin decreases oxidative stress, fibrosis development, and levels of α-SMA and TGF-β1. Silymarin shows potential benefit in models of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, inhibiting aggregation of proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ). In activated T cells, silymarin induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest and decreases mTOR signaling. This compound decreases lipid peroxidation and increases radical scavenging and levels of glutathione in vivo. In ovarian cancer cells, silymarin increases expression of PTEN, decreases signaling by Akt and expression of Bcl-2, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cellular proliferation; it also inhibits telomerase activity.
References PubMed ID：:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18972584
| Cas No. |
65666-07-1 |
|---|---|
| Purity |
≥70% |
| Formula |
C25H22O10 |
| Formula Wt. |
482.44 |
| IUPAC Name |
(2S)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2S,3R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one |
| Synonym |
Apihepar; Laragon; Legalon; Pluropon; Silarine; Silliver |
| Solubility |
Soluble in DMSO or ethanol. |
| Appearance |
Yellowish Powder |
Atawia RT, Mosli HH, Tadros MG, et al. Modulatory effect of silymarin on inflammatory mediators in experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: emphasis on PTEN, HIF-1α, and NF-κB. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2014 Aug 28. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 25164963
Clichici S, Olteanu D, Nagy AL, et al. Silymarin Inhibits the Progression of Fibrosis in the Early Stages of Liver Injury in CCl4-Treated Rats. J Med Food. 2014 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 25133972.
Borah A, Paul R, Choudhury S, et al. Neuroprotective potential of silymarin against CNS disorders: insight into the pathways and molecular mechanisms of action. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2013 Nov;19(11):847-53. PMID: 24118806.
Su CH, Chen LJ, Liao JF, et al. Increase of phosphatase and tensin homolog by silymarin to inhibit human pharynx squamous cancer. J Med Food. 2013 Sep;16(9):778-84. PMID: 23909904.
Kwon do Y, Jung YS, Kim SJ, et al. Alterations in sulfur amino acid metabolism in mice treated with silymarin: a novel mechanism of its action involved in enhancement of the antioxidant defense in liver. Planta Med. 2013 Aug;79(12):997-1002. PMID: 23807810.
Gharagozloo M, Javid EN, Rezaei A, et al. Silymarin inhibits cell cycle progression and mTOR activity in activated human T cells: therapeutic implications for autoimmune diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013 Apr;112(4):251-6. PMID: 23121838.
Faezizadeh Z, Mesbah-Namin SA, Allameh A. The effect of silymarin on telomerase activity in the human leukemia cell line K562. Planta Med. 2012 Jun;78(9):899-902. PMID: 22532022.
Song JH, Choi HJ. Silymarin efficacy against influenza A virus replication. Phytomedicine. 2011 Jul 15;18(10):832-5. PMID: 21377857.
Murata N, Murakami K, Ozawa Y, et al. Silymarin attenuated the amyloid beta plaque burden and improved behavorial abnormalities in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(11):2299-2306. PMID: 21071836.
