Microcystin-RR
Microcystin RR is a cyclic heptapeptide initially produced by species of cyanobacteria Microcystis. Microcystin RR exhibits cytotoxic, pro-oxidative, and carcinogenic properties. Microcystin RR induces endocrine disruption and alters cholesterol synthesis and lipid oxidation in vivo. Additionally, Microcystin RR induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, altering gonadal structure in development. In other animal models, Microcystin RR alters levels of Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and GRP78, inducing apoptosis and liver damage.
References PubMed ID：:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18944963
| Cas No. |
111755-37-4 |
|---|---|
| Purity |
≥95% |
| Formula |
C49H75N13O12 |
| Formula Wt. |
1038.20 |
| IUPAC Name |
(5R,8S,11R,12S,15S,18S,19S,22R)-8,15-bis[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-18-[(1E,3E,5S,6S)-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-7-phenylhepta-1,3-dienyl]-1,5,12,19-tetramethyl-2-methylidene-3,6,9,13,16,20,25-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,14,17,21-heptazacyclopentacosane-11,22-dicarboxylic acid |
Pavagadhi S, Natera S, Roessner U, et al. Insights into Lipidomic Perturbations in Zebrafish Tissues upon Exposure to Microcystin-LR and Microcystin-RR. Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Dec 17;47(24):14376-84. PMID: 24152164.
Zhao S, Xie P, Li G, et al. The proteomic study on cellular responses of the testes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to microcystin-RR. Proteomics. 2012 Jan;12(2):300-12. PMID: 22140076.
Huang P, Zheng Q, Xu LH. The apoptotic effect of oral administration of microcystin-RR on mice liver. Environ Toxicol. 2011 Oct;26(5):443-52. PMID: 20196164.
