Caffeine
Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid found in coffee, tea, and many other plant sources; it exhibits stimulant, bronchodilatory, anti-asthma, vasoconstrictive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-aging, and anti-fibrotic activities. Caffeine activates adenosine receptors and inhibits phosphodiesterases (PDEs), increases levels of cAMP, activating PKA, and inhibiting the release of TNF-α and leukotrienes. In clinical settings, caffeine administration increases FEV1. Caffeine may decrease UV radiation-dependent skin damage, protecting against skin aging. Increases in caffeine consumption in human subjects are associated with decreases in risk for cardiovascular and neurological diseases. In animal models of fibrosis, caffeine decreases release of STGF, collagen I, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and TGF-β1, preventing fibrosis.
References PubMed ID：:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18846422
| Cas No. |
58-08-2 |
|---|---|
| Purity |
≥98% |
| Formula |
C8H10N4O2 |
| Formula Wt. |
194.19 |
| Chemical Name |
3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione |
| IUPAC Name |
1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione |
| Synonym |
Coffeine; Thein; Guaranine; Methyltheobromine; No-Doz |
| Melting Point |
238°C |
| Solubility |
Soluble in ethyl acetate or pyrrole. Slightly soluble in water (20 mg/mL), solubility is increased by adding dilute acid. Slightly soluble in ethanol (13 mg/mL). |
| Appearance |
White Crystal Powder |
Qi H, Li S. Dose-response meta-analysis on coffee, tea and caffeine consumption with risk of Parkinsons disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014 Apr;14(2):430-9. PMID: 23879665.
Gordillo-Bastidas D, Oceguera-Contreras E, Salazar-Montes A, et al. Nrf2 and Snail-1 in the prevention of experimental liver fibrosis by caffeine. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Dec 21;19(47):9020-33. PMID: 24379627.
Herman A, Herman AP. Caffeines mechanisms of action and its cosmetic use. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2013;26(1):8-14. PMID: 23075568.
Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Caffeine and adenosine. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S3-15. PMID: 20164566.
Welsh EJ, Bara A, Barley E, et al. Caffeine for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD001112. PMID: 20091514.
